Conjunctions: until, after, while

Description

This pack aims to develop the use of conjunctions ‘until’, ‘after’ and ‘while’ in oral and written narrative with an extensive range of picture resources and activities.

Conjunctions can be defined as words that express a connection between two units of information. The development of conjunctions in a child’s language system is an important signal that they are able to organise and sequence information in a logical framework; are able to express more complex ideas, such as cause and effect; and that phrase and sentence length are increasing in their language use.

In typically developing children, the earliest conjunction to appear is ‘and’, at the age of approximately two and a half years, followed by ‘but’ and ‘because’ from the ages of three to four. By the age of eight, children should be using a wide range of temporal conjunctions (showing relation in time), for example, ‘when’, ‘until’, ‘every time’, and ‘whenever’

Conjunctions, until, after, while is an extensive pack of picture resources to develop the understanding and use of conjunctions in children who have difficulties in maintaining a coherent and sequenced discourse.

For more information, see below.

Ref: LIP14-2 Download Sample

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The conjunctions: until after while pack consists of four sections: one each for ‘until’, ‘after’ and ‘while’, plus a final consolidation section to encourage the combined use of conjunctions in sequences.

These resources are suitable for children from the age of seven years (Key Stage 2 [KS2]) and they can be used effectively with older children. The material can either be used on an individual basis or with small groups of children.

The materials are primarily designed for spoken language targets but are also useful for teaching staff who wish to use the pack as a literacy resource. Teachers will find the materials a useful differentiation resource for pupils who are struggling to develop story-writing skills. Textual support is included.

The pack follows the following format:

  • Ten two-part picture sequences which give the adult the opportunity to demonstrate the use of the conjunction, and provide the child with the opportunity to copy the language model.
  • Eight sentence completion sequence pictures. The first part of each sequence is discussed, and then each situation is provided with three alternative endings. This gives the child the opportunity to use the conjunction more independently.
  • A set of sentence completion activities, with and without picture support, which provide an additional extension activity for therapists and teachers. Written labels are provided to be used at the therapist’s and/or teacher’s discretion. These labels can be cut off if not required.

Please note that this pack is also designed to supplement and complement Narrative Therapy targets (see: www.blacksheeppress.co.uk/acatalog/ narrative_resources.html). ‘Who’, ‘Where’, ‘What happened’, ‘Problem’, ‘Solution’, and some ‘When’ targets are also embedded in the picture materials.

If you have used our Peter and the Cat or The Squirrel Story Assessment you will note that these assessments will frequently indicate a lack of temporal conjunctions. This pack will provide a useful home, clinic, or school programme to support that particular development focus.

Aims: To develop the use of  ‘until’, ‘after’ and ‘while’ in oral and written narrative.

Additional Targets: The materials supplement and complement Narrative therapy targets.

Age Range: KS2+

Format: PDF file, 91 pages. Available by download

Additional information

Development Age

7 to 11 years

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